Title: Integration of a Photovoltaic System in a Pumping Station of the Region of Epirus in a Mountainous Area.

Type of Installation: Water Supply Pumping Station for the Mountainous Region of Epirus.

Point of the Cross-Border Area: Municipality of Zitsa, TOEB Kryas Lapsistas, Greece.

Solar Radiation Assumptions in the Area:

Based on the average monthly solar radiation in the highlands of Ioannina, the yield of electrical production unit from PV of nominal power 100 kWp is given as follows:

According to Eurostat (2016), Greece emits 623 g CO2/kWh of produced electricity. The production of electricity from 100 kWp results in avoiding the emission of 101,278 kg of CO2.

To install a 100 kW PV unit, on a field without perimeter shading, approximately 15 m2 will be required for every 100 Wp, therefore for 100 kWp 15,000 m2 will be required. If the field is on a slope (slope) then a smaller area will be required.

Installation Assumptions

In the mountainous region of Zitsa, the facility receives water from a lower level and, using pumps, transports it to reservoirs located at a higher level so that from there, with a natural flow, the water supply network or the irrigation network is fed.

The pumping station has pumps with a total installed power of 300 kW, while the electrical power corresponding to the lighting is 20 kW. According to the U.N. accounts previous years pumping station consumes 398,700 kWh of electricity per year.

Cost Details

The PV market is very volatile so there is no exact price for the total cost. The cost ranges from 1,000 to 1,500 euros per kW of installed power for the entire installation.

Economic Evaluation of Intervention

The installation of a stand-alone photovoltaic system with batteries is estimated to cost €1300/ kWp. Therefore, for the 212 kWp, the total cost is estimated at €275,600 (including VAT). The annual cost of electricity that will be covered by the PV production is €0.0694. Therefore, since the PV system is expected to produce 344,637 kWh per year then the benefit for the PV will be €11,289 every year for the first 10 years.

Below is the financial breakdown:

Scenario 1. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30%

Such significant increases in the price of sold kWh are observed where a price increase of 30% from the baseline scenario is considered very likely.

The price of kWh is 0.0902 €, the results of the economic evaluation are as follows:

Scenario 2. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30% and increase in installation costs by 35%

The case is being considered to increase the initial cost of the investment by 35%. The unit will cost €372,060 and the results of the financial evaluation are:

Scenario 3. Implementation of the project in collaboration with an Energy Services Company.

Such a project can be implemented in collaboration with an investment firm. The investment company assumes all the costs of the installation and calculates on a total profit of 10% on this cost, therefore the initial cost is €303,160. Also, ESC will give 10% of the energy benefit each year to the Region of Epirus.

The results of the economic evaluation are:

From the analysis it can be seen how the Investment Fund is repaid for its investment by getting a 10% profit during the 15th year of operation while P.H. he receives a minimum benefit of just over €2,000 from the first year and after the 15th year he has an annual benefit of €21,538.

The most critical factor is to have a suitable field available to install the PV as well as to ensure the connection of the unit to the DESMIE network. Having the advantage of the continuous connection to the grid, no additional investments are needed for electricity storage as well as for synchronizing devices if the full utilization of the generated U.E. is ensured. from PV.

The sensitivity analysis shows that:

• An increase in the cost of the electric kWh has a direct impact on the payback time of the investment.
• Even with a simultaneous and proportional increase in construction costs, the investment continues to pay back the initial cost in 12 years, remaining a safe option. That is, as in the basic scenario.
• It is important to consider the possibility of implementing the investment in collaboration with an investment firm.

Title: Integration of a Photovoltaic System in a Pumping Station of the Region of Epirus in a Lowland Area.

Type of Installation: Water Supply Pumping Station for the Lowland Area of Epirus.

Point of the Cross-Border Area: Municipality of Pamvotida, TOEB Poros, Greece.

Assumptions of Solar Radiation in the Area

Based on the average monthly solar radiation in the plains of Ioannina, the yield of a unit of production of PV rated 100 kWp is given by the table below:

According to Eurostat (2016), Greece emits into the environment 623 g CO2/kWh of produced U.E. The production of U.E. from PV does not produce greenhouse gases, therefore the energy produced in a year by a 100 kW PV unit results in the avoidance of 97,042 kg of CO2 emissions.

For the installation of a 100 kW PV unit, if it is done on a field without perimeter shading, approximately 15 m2 will be required for every 100 Wp therefore for 100 kWp 15,000 m2 will be required.

Installation Assumptions

The pumping station has pumps with a total installed power of 300 kW, while the electrical power corresponding to the lighting is 20 kW. According to the U.N. accounts previous years pumping station consumes 398,700 kWh of electricity per year.

On an area of 25 acres it is possible to install a PV station with a total power of 167 kW. This station is estimated to be able to produce 259,610 kWh per year, therefore it can cover more than 65% of the annual Electricity consumption of the pumping station.

Cost Details

The PV market is very volatile so there is no exact price for the total cost. However, in recent years the cost is 1,000 to 1,500 euros per kW of installed power for the entire installation.

Economic Evaluation of Intervention

The installation of an autonomous photovoltaic system with batteries is estimated to cost €1300/kWp therefore for the 166 kWp the total cost is estimated at €216,700 (VAT included). The annual cost of electricity that will be covered by the PV production is €0.694. Therefore since the PV system is expected to produce 259,610 kWh per year then the benefit for the PV will be €18,027 every year for the first 10 years.

In the following table, all cash flows are presented in detail:

Scenario 1. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30%

The price of kWh is 0.0902 €, the results of the economic evaluation are:

Scenario 2. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30% and increase in installation costs by 35%

In addition to Scenario 1, the case of increasing the initial cost of the investment by 35% is also considered. The unit will cost €292,500 and the results of the financial evaluation are:

Scenario 3. Implementation of the project in collaboration with an Energy Services Company.

Such a project can be implemented in collaboration with an investment firm. In this scenario, the investment fund assumes all the costs of the installation and calculates a total profit of 10% on this cost, therefore the initial cost is €238,333. Also, ESC will give 10% of the energy benefit of each year to the Region of Epirus, so that it will have a financial benefit from the investment from the first year.

The results of the economic evaluation are:

The most critical factor for the implementation of such an investment is to have available space to install the PV as well as to ensure the unit's connection to the DESMIE network. Having the advantage of continuous connection to the grid, no additional investments are needed for electrical energy storage as well as for synchronization devices as long as the full utilization of the generated U.E. is ensured. from PV.

The sensitivity analysis shows that:

• An increase in the cost of the electric kWh has a direct impact on the payback time of the investment.
• Even with a simultaneous and proportional increase in construction costs, the investment continues to pay back the initial cost in 12 years, remaining a safe option. That is, as in the basic scenario.
• It is important to consider the possibility of implementing the investment in collaboration with an investment firm.

Title: Integration of a Photovoltaic System in a Pumping Station of the Region of Epirus in a Coastal Area.

Type of Installation: Water Supply Pumping Station for the Coastal Area of Epirus.

Point of the Cross-Border Area: Preveza, Greece.

Based on the average monthly solar radiation in the plains of Ioannina, the yield of a unit of production of PV rated 100 kWp is given by the table below:

According to Eurostat (2016), Greece emits into the environment 623 g CO2/kWh of produced U.E. The production of U.E. from PV does not produce greenhouse gases, therefore the energy produced in a year by a 100 kW PV unit results in the avoidance of 97,042 kg of CO2 emissions.

For the installation of a 100 kW PV unit, if it is done on a field without perimeter shading, approximately 15 m2 will be required for every 100 Wp therefore for 100 kWp 15,000 m2 will be required.

Installation Assumptions

The pumping station has pumps with a total installed power of 300 kW, while the electrical power corresponding to the lighting is 20 kW. According to the U.N. accounts previous years pumping station consumes 398,700 kWh of electricity per year.

On an area of 25 acres it is possible to install a PV station with a total power of 167 kW. This station is estimated to be able to produce 259,610 kWh per year, therefore it can cover more than 65% of the annual Electricity consumption of the pumping station.

Cost Details

The PV market is very volatile so there is no exact price for the total cost. However, in recent years the cost is 1,000 to 1,500 euros per kW of installed power for the entire installation.

Economic Evaluation of Intervention

The installation of an autonomous photovoltaic system with batteries is estimated to cost €1300/kWp therefore for the 166 kWp the total cost is estimated at €216,700 (VAT included). The annual cost of electricity that will be covered by the PV production is €0.694. Therefore since the PV system is expected to produce 259,610 kWh per year then the benefit for the PV will be €18,027 every year for the first 10 years.

In the following table, all cash flows are presented in detail:

Scenario 1. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30%

The price of kWh is 0.0902 €, the results of the economic evaluation are:

Scenario 2. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30% and increase in installation costs by 35%

In addition to Scenario 1, the case of increasing the initial cost of the investment by 35% is also considered. The unit will cost €175,000 and the results of the financial evaluation are:

Such a project can be implemented in collaboration with an investment firm. In this scenario, the investment fund assumes all the costs of the installation and calculates a total profit of 10% on this cost, therefore the initial cost is €143,000. Also, ESC will give 10% of the energy benefit of each year to the Region of Epirus, so that it will have a financial benefit from the investment from the first year.

The results of the economic evaluation are:

From the analysis it can be seen how the Investment Fund is repaid for its investment by getting a 10% profit during the 16th year of operation while P.H. he receives a minimum benefit of just over €1,000 from the first year and after the 16th year he has an annual benefit of €9,417.

The most critical factor for the implementation of such an investment is to have a suitable field available to install the PV as well as to ensure the unit's connection to the DESMIE network. Having the advantage of the continuous connection to the grid, no additional investments are needed for electricity storage as well as for synchronizing devices if the full utilization of the generated U.E. is ensured. from PV.

The sensitivity analysis shows that

• An increase in the cost of the electric kWh has a direct impact on the payback time of the investment.
• Even with a simultaneous and proportional increase in construction costs, the investment continues to pay back the initial cost in 12 years, remaining a safe option. That is, as in the basic scenario.
• It is important to consider the possibility of implementing the investment in collaboration with an investment firm.

Title: Integration of a Photovoltaic System in a Kefalonia Pumping Station.

Type of Installation: Water Pumping Station in Kefalonia.

Point of the Cross-Border Area: Lixouri, Kefalonia, Greece.

Assumptions of Solar Radiation in the Area

Based on the average monthly solar radiation in the area of Lixouri, the output of a production unit of E.U. of PV rated 100 kWp is given by the table below:

According to the latest data available from Eurostat (2016), Greece emits into the environment 623 g CO2/kWh of produced U.E. The production of U.E. from PV does not produce greenhouse gases, therefore the energy produced in a year by a PV unit of 100 kW has the consequence of avoiding the emission of 102,448.8 kg of CO2.

Installation Assumptions

The pumping station has pumps with a total installed power of 300 kW, while the electrical power corresponding to the lighting is 20 kW. The pumps on average run 3 hours a day to fill the tanks. Accordingly, the lighting is estimated to operate 3,500 hours a year. According to the U.N. accounts previous years pumping station consumes 398,700 kWh of electricity per year.

The installation of an autonomous PV system with a power of 100 kW is estimated to be able to produce 164,444 kWh per year, therefore it can cover more than 40% of the annual Electricity consumption of the pumping station.

Cost Details

The PV market is very volatile so there is no exact price for the total cost. However, in recent years the cost is 1,000 to 1,500 euros per kW of installed power for the entire installation.

Economic Evaluation of Intervention

The installation of a stand-alone photovoltaic system with batteries is estimated to cost 1300 €/kWp today (August 2022) therefore for 100 kWp the total cost is estimated at 130,000 € (VAT included). The annual cost of electricity that will be covered by the PV production is €0.0694/kWh.

Therefore, since the PV system is expected to produce 164,444 kWh per year then the benefit for the PV will be €11,419 every year for the first 10 years. In the following table, all cash flows are presented in detail.

Scenario 1. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30%

The price of kWh is 0.0902 €, the results of the economic evaluation are:

Scenario 2. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30% and increase in installation costs by 35%

In addition to Scenario 1, the case of increasing the initial cost of the investment by 35% is also considered. The unit will cost €175.000 and the results of the financial evaluation are:

Scenario 3. Implementation of the project in collaboration with an Energy Services Company.

Such a project can be implemented in collaboration with an investment firm. In this scenario, the investment fund assumes all the costs of the installation and calculates a total profit of 10% on this cost, therefore the initial cost is €143.000. Also, ESC will give 10% of the energy benefit of each year to the Region of Epirus, so that it will have a financial benefit from the investment from the first year.

The results of the economic evaluation are:

She is repaid for her investment by getting a 10% profit during the 15th year of operation while the Project Operator receives a minimum benefit of just over €1,000 from the first year and after the 16th year has an annual benefit of €10,277.

The most critical factor for the realization of such an investment is to have a suitable field available to install the PV as well as to ensure the connection of the unit to the grid. Having the advantage of the continuous connection to the grid, no additional investments are needed for electricity storage as well as for synchronization devices, if the full utilization of the produced U.E. is ensured. from PV.

The sensitivity analysis shows:

• An increase in the cost of the electric kWh has a direct impact on the payback time of the investment.
• Even with a simultaneous and proportional increase in construction costs, the investment continues to pay back the initial cost in 12 years, remaining a safe option. That is, as in the basic scenario.
• It is important to consider the possibility of implementing the investment in collaboration with an investment firm.

Title: Integration of a Photovoltaic System in a Pump Station in Florina.

Type of Installation: Water Supply Pumping Station in Florina.

Point of the Cross-Border Area: Region of W. Macedonia - Florina, Greece.

Assumptions of Solar Radiation in the Area

Based on the average monthly solar radiation in the area of Florina, the output of a U.E. production unit of PV rated 100 kWp is given by the table below:

According to the latest data available from Eurostat (2016), Greece emits into the environment 623 g CO2/kWh of produced U.E. The production of U.E. from PV does not produce greenhouse gases, therefore the energy produced in a year by a PV unit of 100 kW has the consequence of avoiding the emission of 84,806.9 kg of CO2.

Installation Assumptions

The pumping station has pumps with a total installed power of 300 kW, while the electrical power corresponding to the lighting is 20 kW. The pumps on average run 3 hours a day to fill the tanks. Accordingly, the lighting is estimated to operate 3,500 hours a year. According to the U.N. accounts previous years pumping station consumes 398,700 kWh of electricity per year.

The installation of an autonomous PV system with a power of 100 kW is estimated to be able to produce 136,127 kWh per year, therefore it can cover more than 40% of the annual Electricity consumption of the pumping station.

Cost Details

The PV market is very volatile so there is no exact price for the total cost. The cost is 1,000 to 1,500 euros per kW of installed power for the entire installation.

Economic Evaluation of Intervention

The installation of a stand-alone photovoltaic system with batteries is estimated to cost 1300 €/kWp today (August 2022) therefore for 100 kWp the total cost is estimated at 130,000 € (VAT included). The annual cost of electricity that will be covered by the PV production is €0.0694/kWh.

Therefore, since the PV system is expected to produce 136,126 kWh per year, then the benefit for the Project Operator is €9,453 every year for the first 10 years.

Scenario 1. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30%

The price of kWh is 0.0902 €, the results of the economic evaluation are:

Scenario 2. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30% and increase in installation costs by 35%

In addition to Scenario 1, the case in which, due to inflation and other market factors (logistics problems, etc.) observed in recent years, the initial cost of the investment increases by 35% is also considered. The unit will cost €175,000 and the results are as follows:

Scenario 3. Implementation of the project in collaboration with an Energy Services Company.

The investment company assumes all the costs of the installation and calculates on a total profit of 10% on this cost, therefore the initial cost is €143,000. Also, an Energy Services Company will give 10% of the energy benefit of each year to the Project Agency, so that it will have a financial benefit from the investment from the first year.

With the above assumptions, the results of the economic evaluation are formed as follows:

Energy Services Company is repaid for its investment by taking a 10% profit during the 18th year of operation, while P.H. he receives a minimum benefit of just under €1,000 from the first year and after the 18th year he has an annual benefit of €8,507.

The most critical factor for the realization of such an investment is to have a suitable field available to install the PV as well as to ensure the connection of the unit to the grid. Having the advantage of the continuous connection to the grid, no additional investments are needed for electricity storage as well as for synchronization devices, if the full utilization of the produced U.E. is ensured. from PV.

The sensitivity analysis shows that

• An increase in the cost of the electric kWh has a direct impact on the payback time of the investment.
• Even with a simultaneous and proportional increase in construction costs, the investment continues to pay back the initial cost in 12 years, remaining a safe option. That is, as in the basic scenario.
• It is important to consider the possibility of implementing the investment in collaboration with an investment firm.

Title: Integration of a Photovoltaic System in a Pumping Station in the Argyrokastro Region in Albania.

Type of Installation: Water Supply Pumping Station in Argyrokastro, Albania.

Cross Border Area Point: Argyrokastro, Albania.

Assumptions of Solar Radiation in the Area

Based on the average monthly solar radiation in the area of Argyrokastro, the yield of a U.E. production unit. of PV rated 100 kWp is given by the table below:

For the installation of a 100 kW PV unit, if it is done on a field without perimeter shading, approximately 15 m2 will be required for every 100 Wp therefore for 100 kWp 1,500 m2 will be required.

Installation Assumptions

The pumping station has pumps with a total installed power of 300 kW, while the electrical power corresponding to the lighting is 20 kW. The pumps on average run 3 hours a day to fill the tanks. Accordingly, the lighting is estimated to operate 3,500 hours a year. According to the U.N. accounts previous years pumping station consumes 398,700 kWh of electricity per year.

The installation of an autonomous PV system with a power of 100 kW is estimated to be able to produce 143,903 kWh per year, therefore it can cover more than 40% of the annual Electricity consumption of the pumping station.

Cost Details

The PV market is very volatile so there is no exact price for the total cost. However, in recent years the cost is 1,000 to 1,200 euros per kW of installed power for the entire installation. For large installations the price can drop to €700/kW.

Economic Evaluation of Intervention

The installation of an autonomous photovoltaic system with batteries is estimated to cost 1000 €/kWp today (November 2022) therefore for 100 kWp the total cost is estimated at 100,000 €.

Therefore, since the PV system is expected to produce 143,902.89 kWh per year then the benefit for the Project Operator will be €43,171 every year for the first 10 years.

Scenario 1. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30%

The price of kWh is 0.0902 €, the results of the economic evaluation are:

Scenario 2. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30% and increase in installation costs by 35%

The case in which due to inflation and other market factors (logistics problems, etc.) observed in recent years increases the initial cost of the investment by 35% is also considered. The unit will cost €135,000 and the results of the financial evaluation are as follows:

Scenario 3. Implementation of the project in collaboration with an Energy Services Company (ESC).

The investment company assumes all the costs of the installation and calculates on a total profit of 10% on this cost, therefore the initial cost is €110,000. Also, ESC will give 10% of the energy benefit of each year to the owner of the pumping station, so that he has a financial benefit from the investment from the first year.

With the above assumptions, the results of the economic evaluation are formed as follows:

The ESC is repaid for its investment by taking a 10% profit during the 3rd year of operation while the pump station owner receives a minimum benefit of just over €4,000 from the first year and after the 4th year has an annual benefit of over €38,000.

The most critical factor in realizing such an investment is to have a suitable field available to install the PV as well as to ensure that the unit is connected to the Network Operator's network. The provisions on energy offsetting favor the implementation of such interventions. Having the advantage of the continuous connection to the grid, no additional investments are needed for electricity storage as well as for synchronization devices, as long as the full utilization of the produced U.E. is ensured. from PV.

The sensitivity analysis shows that:

• An increase in the cost of the electric kWh has a direct impact on the payback time of the investment.
• Even with a simultaneous and proportional increase in construction costs, the investment continues to pay back the initial cost in 12 years, remaining a safe option. That is, as in the basic scenario.
• It is important to consider the possibility of implementing the investment in collaboration with an investment firm.

Title: Integration of a Photovoltaic System in a Pumping Station in the Area of Ag. Saranda in Albania.

Type of Facility: Water Supply Pumping Station for Ag. Saranda in Albania.

Point of the Cross-Border Area: Ag. Saranda, Albania

Assumptions of Solar Radiation in the Area

Based on the average monthly solar radiation in the area of Ag. Saranda the yield of an electrical production unit. of PV rated 100 kWp is given by the table below:

For the installation of a 100 kW PV unit, if it is done on a field without perimeter shading, approximately 15 m2 will be required for every 100 Wp therefore for 100 kWp 1,500 m2 will be required.

Installation Assumptions

The pumping station has pumps with a total installed power of 300 kW, while the electrical power corresponding to the lighting is 20 kW. The pumps on average run 3 hours a day to fill the tanks. Accordingly, the lighting is estimated to operate 3,500 hours a year. According to the electricity accounts previous years pumping station consumes 398,700 kWh of electricity per year.

The installation of an autonomous PV system with a power of 100 kW is estimated to be able to produce 158,980.17 kWh per year, therefore it can cover more than 40% of the annual Electricity consumption of the pumping station.

Cost Details

The PV market is very volatile so there is no exact price for the total cost. However, in recent years the cost is 1,000 to 1,200 euros per kW of installed power for the entire installation. For large installations the price can drop to €700/kW.

Economic Evaluation of Intervention

The installation of an autonomous photovoltaic system with batteries is estimated to cost 1000 €/kWp today (November 2022) therefore for 100 kWp the total cost is estimated at 100,000 €.

Therefore, since the PV system is expected to produce 158,980.17 kWh per year, then the benefit for the Project Operator will be €47,694 every year for the first 10 years. In the following table, all cash flows are presented in detail.

Scenario 1. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30%

The price of kWh is 0.0902 €, the results of the economic evaluation are:

Scenario 2. Further Increase in Energy Prices by 30% and increase in installation costs by 35%

The case is examined in which, due to inflation and other market factors (logistics problems, etc.) observed in recent years, the initial cost of the investment increases by 35%. The unit will cost €135,000 and the results of the financial evaluation are as follows:

Scenario 3. Implementation of the project in collaboration with an Energy Services Company (ESC).

The ESC assumes all the costs of the installation and calculates on a total profit of 10% on this cost, therefore the initial cost is €110,000. Also, ESC will give 10% of the energy benefit of each year to the owner of the pumping station, so that he has a financial benefit from the investment from the first year.

With the above assumptions, the results of the economic evaluation are formed as follows:

From the analysis it can be seen how the ESC is paid back for its investment by getting a 10% profit during the 3rd year of operation while the owner of the pumping station receives a minimum benefit of just over €4,000 from the first year and after the 4th year he has an annual benefit over €38,000.

The most critical factor in realizing such an investment is to have a suitable field available to install the PV as well as to ensure that the unit is connected to the Network Operator's network. The provisions on energy offsetting favor the implementation of such interventions. Having the advantage of the continuous connection to the grid, no additional investments are needed for electricity storage as well as for synchronization devices, if the full utilization of the produced electricity is ensured from PV.

The sensitivity analysis shows that

• An increase in the cost of the electric kWh has a direct impact on the payback time of the investment.
• Even with a simultaneous and proportional increase in construction costs, the investment continues to pay back the initial cost in 12 years, remaining a safe option. That is, as in the basic scenario.
• It is important to consider the possibility of implementing the investment in collaboration with an investment firm.